Orgnaization behaviour Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Orgnaization behaviour - Case Study Example There is a relationship between the team needs and motivation. Having various motivators in a team leads to satisfying the needs of each member of the team. Motivators persuade team members to offer their best endeavors in tackling a professional task. It regulates the individual’s internal energy and stimulates him or her in action (Stogdill, 1963). There are a number of reasons why team members require motivators. The first one is recognition. Every member of the team would desire to be appreciated for what he or she has done for an organization. This leads to personal satisfaction since the member feels that there are special privileges and benefits obtained from participation in the team. The second one is power. Motivators such as job promotion provide opportunities to compete for authority and responsibility within as an organization (Stogdill, 1963). Every member in a team has a passion of either being an expeditor or an administrator. These two positions are highly ranked interests because they hold the highest levels of authority and well paid as well. Team members also require motivators for affiliation. They need to feel satisfied and belonging to the team. Our team is made up of five members and they include: Nasser Alsahla, Christopher Coutu, Riley Vary, Abdullrahman sawaf, and Mohammad Alshahrani. Their abilities were analyzed by the birkman method to identify areas where they were least motivated. Two areas with the lowest scores were identified and include planning and administrating. The least motivated individual in planning were Nasser Alsahla and Riley vary both scoring 3 points. On the other hand, in administrating the least motivated were Mohammad Alshahrani, Nasser Alsahla , and Abdullrahman sawaf all scoring 8 points (Stogdill, 1963). The least motivated members of a team fail to succeed in an organization and adversely affect other members in the team. In the area of planning, Nasser

Ethical Issues of Deception in Psychological Research Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issues of Deception in Psychological Research Essay In psychological studies, ethical issues associated with deception have always the major concern area. It is largely been viewed as something which in long will cause effect on participants’ willingness to be a part of any psychological research. The controversy associated with this issue has itself led to many researches to ascertain the positivity and negativity associated with the use of deception in psychological research. The findings of those researches have been contradictory. Some researcher has indicated that use of deception has a very negative impact on participant’s perception of researchers and hence reduces the possibility of its further participation in the ongoing project as well as any other research in future (Tuffin, 2005) While on the other hand there are evidences that deception has positive effect and participants have reported that they actually enjoyed being deceived and showed positive participation in the researches in which they are being deceived and feel more benefited than those without deception. Hence it becomes more evident that deception has basically no effect on participants and neither reduces nor increases their willingness in taking part in any future researches irrespective of those requiring deception or not (Lefkowitz, 2003). The above mentioned two contradictory preferences related to deception actually gives a picture which shows that the people have no clear meaning of deception and it varies from person to person i.e., they have different interceptions of what it actually means. This reinforces the need for further research and hence underscores the requirement for an expanded investigation to figure out the possible effects of deception in a prospective participant and the psychological study. The beginning of this new research could be initiated through a controlled environment when some of the participants and informed about the use of deception while some are not informed. The final objective is to ascertain the actual impact of deception when both researchers as well the participants have better understanding of deception (O’Donohue, 2003). References: O’Donohue, W. (2003) Handbook of Professional Ethics for Psychology. Sage Publication Ltd.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London. UK Lefkowitz, J (2003) Ethics and values in industrial-organizational Psychology. Lawrence  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwas, NJ Tuffin, K (2005) Understanding Critical Social Psychology. Sage Publication Ltd., London. UK

Compulsory Heterosexuality :: Sexuality Gender Society Essays

Compulsory Heterosexuality In today’s world, as humankind is still in progress, we have a much more liberated world compared to past. In terms of politics, we learned discrimination is not a honourable case to be involved in and we tried to minimize constraints reflected on â€Å"other† races, â€Å"other† nationalities, in short all of the others that are not similar to â€Å"us†. â€Å"Us† is, without doubt, white, Western man. Despite all the back-drawed prejudices of others in the name of liberation, respect and equality, it does not seem to be the situation for non-heteronormatives to live in a peaceful environment. Since I came to Amsterdam as an exchange student this term, I had the opportunity to experience daily-life with all the people from different sexes, genders not considered â€Å"normal† which is rarely the case in Turkey. Amsterdam made me face non-heterosexual world and I realized that these people do suffer from unequal rights mostly in other parts o f the world. I questioned myself as being far away from that topic in the past and it really made sense to me to investigate about supremacy of heterosexuals. In my opinion, only after we learn to respect all kinds of differences out of majority we are able to have liberal minds, which makes the world a better place to live for all people. That is the reason I decided to write my paper on compulsory heterosexuality. To come to main idea, my arguement will be dominantly on heteronormativity. I will try to prove that both heteronormativity and gender are social constructs, which means that they are all learned behaviours by society through culture, tradition and religion. I will show a world where any norms and taboos exist, to turn our origins of nature. I will support my arguement by the works of writers and researchers on that topic. My whole effort will be on to claim that there is nothing called heteronormativity by nature, it can not be. We can not rule out the genes and instinct behaviour of people. It is just a coverage, to live in a reproductive and moral society. My final idea would be to accept all forms of non-heterosexuality as being â€Å"normal† , just like heterosexuality, by ignoring all social constructs to open our mind to a brighter world. Review There is quite extensive research on studies of lesbians and gays and the compulsory heteronormativity. One major researcher is Adrienne Rich.

Running Head:Factors to Evaluate in Making a Location Decision

In industry and commerce one of the most critical aspect of the future success of any business entity, is the strategic location where the business is supposed to be set up. With the advent of technology, increased competition, cost cutting measures and advancement in business infrastructure, the decision making process of identifying the most ideal locations to set up a business has become more complicated and dynamic. (MacCarthy B.L. & Atthirawong W. 2003). The location decision process is an intricate process that involves the systematic feasibility study of a location with the view of establishing the advantages that would accrue to the organization’s locality. The assessment of a particular location is an assignment that the enterprise should thoroughly conduct because it will determine its survival The site where such a business is located is of central importance because it determines not only the competitiveness of the enterprise but its production and overhead capacities as well. Therefore any organization willing to progress has got to evaluate and invest heavily in the location decision process. (MacCarthy, B.L., & Atthirawong W. 2003) It is important before discussing the factors that influence location decision to understand that various industries differ in the way they assess these factors. Multinational organizations setting up bases in foreign countries will always have different methodology from an organization setting up base at local level. The service industry’s evaluation program will also differ from a manufacturing entity; whereas the service industry’s major criteria would be the proximity to the market and the consumers’ ability to buy, the manufacturing entity would be different. A manufacturing plants main focus besides the availability of the market would generally be cost cutting factors. These paper is going to address factors that would be important for an international firm looking for a location in new international market.There are various factors that such an organization is supposed to pay particular attention to. These factors influence the ability of the organization/industry to achieve its goal and mission. A location decision considers both economic and non-economic factors, which are sometimes referred to as financial and non-financial considerations. The first step towards making a correct and comprehensive decision is started off by defining the problem. The recognition that there is a need for a new location, which is necessitated by such factors as: New competition Business expansion Change in customer needs When the problem or the reason for looking for a new location has been assessed and defined then the next important stage is to critically examine the various factors that are supposed to be evaluated in identifying the location of the enterprise. This factors are categorized into two; Economic factors and non economic factors Economic Factors Economic factors will determine the profitability of the enterprise. Under economic factors costs that need to be evaluated are production costs, which would include the cost of energy (electricity), cost of raw materials, cost of taxation and wage rate within the new location. Wage rates on the other hand will enable the company determine among other things level of production, the payroll budget and consequently the cost of the end product (Bognanno M. F. Et al 2005). Procurement costs also play a vital role in selecting the site because they determine the total cost of the end product or service. Procurement costs include cost of sourcing of raw materials, cost of transportation and other logistic issues. Distribution costs determine the penetration level of the goods or services that are being offered by the enterprise. The market accessibility is the key feature when assessing the market and would include the infrastructure development within the specified location, mode of transportation and the number of distribution channels.   In most international companies the greatest factor remains the market size at the host country and the accessibility to other lucrative markets. (Spee R. & Wim D.2003) Transport and infrastructure are key element to consider when evaluating the location.   These two are important factors especially for the service industry that need to stay close to their market. Infrastructure may include such aspects as level of technological integration; the standard of the road network or rail network, the accessibility to such institutions like banks and other credit points. The telecommunication systems also are part of the infrastructure framework and such factors like Internet, telephone, mobile phones and Information technology advancement determine how well the enterprise will be able to coordinate its various activities. (Spee R. & Wim D.2003) Non-monetary/non-economic factors These are factors that do not necessarily have any fixed monetary value yet they contribute significantly towards the enterprises productivity. Top of this list are government and political issues. Policies developed by respective governments determine how well the organization is able to fit in the particular environment. Number of trade licenses, patent protection laws, industrial safety regulation, the tax regime, legal settlement process, environmental laws and so on are some of the considerations that the company needs to consider. (Talley-Seijn, M.2004) Labor characteristics are another non-economic factor that affects the location decision. The characteristics of the labor determine how fast the company will be able to fit within a particular environment. The availability of human management resources and specific skills will enable the company to conduct various production and management processes in the most efficient manner. Availability of technical know-how, experienced personnel and well-equipped labor force is the key driver to how the entity will conduct its business. (Brush, T. H.1999) Government stability is very important for any organization. Stability can be looked in terms of how the government handles transition from one regime to another, its relationship with the neighboring countries and its governance abilities. In democratic countries this is a major factor to consider because the stability of the said government directly affects strategic plans that the enterprise may come up with. (Brush, T. H.1999) REFERENCES Bognanno, Mario F., Michael P. Keane, and Donghoon Yang. (2005):   â€Å"The Influence of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wages and Industrial Relations Environments on the Production Location  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Decisions of U.S. Multinational Corporations.† Industrial and Labor Relations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Review 58, no. 2 Brush, Thomas H (1999) â€Å"plant location decision in multinational manufacturing firms: An empirical analysis of international business and manufacturing strategy perspectives, The†. Production and Operations Management. MacCarthy, B.L., and W. Atthirawong. (2003): â€Å"Factors Affecting Location Decisions in  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International Operations—A Delphi Study.† International Journal of Operations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and Production Management 23, no. 7: 794–828. Spee, Roel, and Wim Douw. (September 2003): â€Å"Cost-Reduction Location Strategies.†Ã‚   Journal of Corporate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Real Estate 6, no. 1 Talley-Seijn, Margaret. (July 2004): â€Å"30 Years of Location Strategies.† Plants, Sites and Parks 31, no. 3: 26–29.      

The Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation

When you watch any movie, TV show or documentary on World War Two, there is one quote that you hear in almost every single one of them. This timeless and moving quote is â€Å"a date that will live in infamy. † This was the opening line said by Franklin D Roosevelt in his National address the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor. It is one of the most replayed and well known speeches in American history. It was the declaration of war against the Empire of Japan and entered the United States into one of the greatest wars it would take part in. Franklin D Roosevelt uses pathos, ethos and logos to deliver a resounding speech for the declaration of war and the entrance of the United States in to World War Two. He essentially assigns a third of the speech to each one of these rhetorical speaking tools. The speech was given at 12:30 p. m. on December 8th 1941 to a joint session of congress and was broadcast over radio and television. It was key for the president to get the people as a whole for the war and united for the cause. He wanted to arouse as many strong emotions from the people as possible. Luckily for him this was very easy to accomplish. At every point in history the American people have exploded with outrage at every deceitful military tactic ever used by another nation or people against America. The populace becomes very motivated to take the fight to the enemy to uphold core American values such as patriotism and justice. A prime example of this was the sinking of the U. S. S. Maine. The ship was unexpectedly sunk by Spaniards in the Havana harbor of Cuba. This event is considered the precipitating event of the Spanish-American war. He plays upon the circumstances in the same way that the Americans did with this instance back in 1898. He portrays America as a purely passive victim through his diction in the portion of the speech. FDR mentions multiple times that America and Japan still had ongoing peace talks and that the attack was completely unprovoked. He elegantly uses Pathos at the throughout his speech and really harps on Americas emotions about the event. After Franklin D Roosevelt talks about the surprise attack upon Pearl harbor, he goes on to list all of the other military advances Japan made shortly afterwards. This list of attacks is viewed as him trying to convince the American people why it is logical and necessary for their country to go to war with this aggressive nation. He lists islands all across the pacific and under American control. Each statement is staccato and kept to the point, followed a pause to let each one individually sink in. He says when each attack happened and where. This is a particularly ominous portion of the speech, and was expertly done by the president. Logical explanations are very important to the American people and are the primary basis of why we do what we do. In the last part of the speech Franklin D Roosevelt makes an effort to talk about the character of the American people. Our countries ethics and moral values are the staple of our nation and the reason our people are willing to do everything necessary to preserve and protect it. This acknowledgment of the American ethos is a testament to the greatness of this country and why the war must be fought and will be won. But the biggest portrayal of this ethics and patriotism shown by Roosevelt is unbeknownst to most Americans at this time. The president had polio early in his life, and was paralyzed from the waist down, but he refused to let the American people know this. When he gave the speech he walked up to the podium and stood tall. This is a perfect example of the determination of the American heart to never let bad circumstances stop someone from what they must do. I consider this one of the most important and powerful speeches ever given on American soil. It speaks to every true Americans heart through patriotism and moral fiber. Franklin D Roosevelt delivered the speech fantastically and ignited a war engine within the United States that was unparalleled at the time. This speech is still a powerful symbol today of a great and shaping time of our country and its people.

Criminal Investigation Essays

Criminal Investigation Essays Criminal Investigation Essay Criminal Investigation Essay Midterm Essay CJ21-Criminal Investigation Professor Yocum September 28th, 2010 Throughout the years the type of crimes and amount of crimes committed has changed significantly and has played a major role in the American society. What is crime? As defined by Frank Schmalleger (2007) â€Å"crime is a conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, federal government or a local jurisdiction where there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse† (p. 7). Criminal investigators have the responsibility of pursuing new ways to create a safer environment for the community in which they serve by gathering and analyzing evidence found at a crime scene. It is very important to understand the methods, mindset and sources of information behind an investigators strategy towards the ultimate goal of a successful prosecution of an offender. What is the scientific method? The scientific method consists of six different aspects; first one needs to identify the problem through examination. Secondly, one should form a hypothesis about what has happened from what they may know about the victim or what they have been able to gather from witnesses. Thirdly, collect data through observation and experimenting by this I mean to search for relevancy of a suspect’s background and witness statements. Next we need to compare the hypothesis and data compiled by evaluating the evidence found. If the data supports the hypothesis then a search for additional evidence may be needed. Lastly, one should draw a conclusion based off of all the evidence found; if there is probable cause this then would justify an arrest. As a part of the scientific method, the method of inquiry consists of two general ideas; reconstructing the past and discovering or creating new knowledge, this is done through observation. Some questions may derive from that including who, what, where, when, why and how. By answering these questions it helps an investigator to identify a suspect of a crime. An investigator must maintain a certain mind-set to fully conduct an investigation; the optimal investigative mind-set provides foresight and perception to an investigator. The investigative mind-set is a doubt or uncertainty. On the other hand, the optimal mind-set of an investigative manifest is to â€Å"put beyond doubt or question† (www. dictionary. com). There are a number of sources of information available to assist criminal investigators in their efforts to prosecute an offender . However, there are three primary sources which take precedence, and these sources are people, physical evidence and records. As an investigator conducts his investigation he would learn that people retain a great value of information from what they see, hear or witness. For example, a bank robbery in which someone has witnessed, an investigator would obtain detailed information about what that person observed. Although it may sometimes be difficult to identify those who may have insight, it is the investigators responsibility to motivate an individual to divulge such information. On the other hand, physical evidence is an object which can be found at or near the scene of a crime. Physical evidence may not always be easily found, but more than likely without the suspects knowledge there is some form of evidence left behind. For example, at the scene of a murder, there may be no signs of a forced entry or weapon found at the scene and no apparent signs of a struggle. However, clenched in the hand of the victim are follicles of hair and with this physical evidence an investigator is almost certain to have collected the most important evidence of the crime. Another form of physical evidence is a record for example; a car can be connected to someone through establishing who it is registered to by communicating with the department of motor vehicles. In earlier years records were stored using only paper, but with the advances in technology records nowadays are stored electronically. Records can be obtained in several ways, but ultimately they all provide the information needed to conduct an investigation. A successful criminal investigator is one who is organized and understands the process in which to gather pertinent evidence needed to apprehend a suspect. Through specific methods, a firm mind-set and valuable sources of information this can prove to be effective. Although crime will never seize to exist through persistent efforts of criminal investigators and other law enforcement we can reduce the amount of crime committed on an everyday basis. References Osertburg, J. W. amp; Ward, R. H. (2007) Criminal Investigation, Fifth Edition: A Method for Reconstructing the Past. Schmalleger, F. (2007) Criminal Justice Today, Ninth Edition: An Introductory Text for the Twenty First Century. Manifest. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http:// www. dictionary. reference. com/browse/manifest

Death of a Salesman by Steven Erickson

Death of a Salesman by Steven Erickson Introduction Authored by Steven Erickson, Death of a Salesman is a captivating must-read chef-d’oeuvre set in New York and Boston in 1948 staring Willy Loman (David Ryan) and Howard Wagner (Isaac Wood). The arena of the theatre is quite recommendable.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman by Steven Erickson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Erickson’s choice of using the house with well-positioned and packed apartments was the best to depict the characters as a family that was going through the normal vicissitudes of life. The two amongst other characters share the hallucination that they can achieve the American dream. Willy Loman is an old salesperson who has been largely unsuccessful in his ventures and who has come to the realization that he should not be driving. He returns home from a business trip. Linda his companion advises him to ignore his current occupation as a sales clerk. She proposes to him that he meets his manger to inquire for an opportunity to work in the office. According to her, her husband has to get the job based on his status as a man whom people like. In a sad note, the masterwork ends with tragic demise of Willy. As the piece ends, Linda is in tears following her tragic parting with her beloved husband. In my opinion, the production has been coherent in the sequence of events in the play. The audience cannot miss out that Willy Loman as a frustrated sales clerk is on the verge of committing suicide. The author brought it out clearly to the point when Willy could no longer handle his frustrations. Discussion of Actors playing the Characters in the Play David Ryan acting as Willy Loman is the protagonist and a devoted salesperson. He is a family person with two sons Biff and Happy with Biff having returned home from working in a farm in the West. He believes that Biff can end up being a worth emulating character if at all he can seize and util ize his God-given talent to do what he has some passion for in order to be wealthy and a useful resource in the family. Willy starts to have flashbacks and talking to imaginary people as if in a real conversation with them complaining that Biff and Happy need to wake up and focus on anything that worries them having never witnessed their father in such a state. His whole life shows a lot of potential. However, he portrays himself as having a high degree of self-deception and misguided life goals. According to him, the key reason of living is to gain people’s attraction and possessions. He stands out as a very disillusioned person who has always been consoling himself and his people that things will be better one day. Throughout the play, he appears as a firm believer of the American dream.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although he has never succeeded in any of his attempts in life, he still holds to the myth that any appealing person such as him can achieve his ambitions in life. Finally, this break between his ambitions in life and authenticity of things induces much pressure on him to the extent of tampering with his psychological wellbeing where he recounts his experiences. However, he cannot take anything positive and helpful from such encounters to mould his future. He invests his entire hope in his sons. Worse, life continues to haunt him since his doomed character and unrealized ambitions seem to follow Biff and Happy. Cassidy Moore who plays as Linda Loman comes out as a naive woman as she does not seem to be aware of her husband’s affairs right from his finances to job as his mistress. She stands out as a loyal woman based on how she defends her husbands behavior even when he has attacked her. She remains stanch to him despite the much misbehavior by her beloved partner especially in the part where he engages in extra mari tal affairs with The Woman who plays as Caitlyn Walsh at a tender age, and ultimately killing himself with the misguided conviction that he will find the underlying cause of the family’s tribulations. She has been depicted as the moral center of the play due to her occasionally stern stand. She is not frightened to deal with her children about how they are being mishandled by their father. Her honesty stands out when Willy begins to talk to himself so loudly in the middle of the night to the level of waking up everyone where Linda confesses to her sons that the two are struggling financially and that their father had become suicidal. An argument erupts with Linda accusing Biff as being the source of her husband’s unhappiness. Olexiy Kryvich, as Biff, appears as a lazy character who puts less effort in studies and ends up failing in math. However, he is also loving and caring as he is concerned about his father’s welfare. He wants to achieve in life so that his f ather can regain happiness.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman by Steven Erickson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, his strength of mind is evident when he realizes the need to reside abode and toil on his association with his father besides taking the chance to converse with an ex- worker, Bill Oliver, requesting him to provide him with some credit to establish a company. He emulates Willy’s personality of a candid person who yearns to attain the American dream from which his father disastrously leaves. Dakotah Myers who stands as Happy shows some sense of self-importance, ambition, and wild societal expectations by believing in the American dream. Additionally, he is uncouth based on her unprincipled sexual interactions with women of his managers. He epitomes the most horrible elements of Willy’s temperament because of the weight he allocates on pressing on and in his willi ngness to fool himself. He has no value attached to women as they are all sexual vessels to him while those whom he has ever abused being useless and valueless to him. He stands out as a difficult character who will never support other characters’ discussions. In fact, when Willy comes in to quarrel with Biff, he (Happy) comes in arguing that Biff has to meet Oliver to chat about the credit arrangement. Everyone goes to bed expecting to make dreams happen the next day as Willy was also expecting to get the local job. Eric Lewis Johnson, as Charley, stands out as the vote of basis and expedience in Willy’s world of fantasy and mystification. He is straightforward, aloof, meek, modest, and a worth emulating figure. He shows some level of self-confidence. Unlike Willy, he fits himself within the shoes of other people such that none of those he encounters will view him as strange. Charley is also charitable and accommodating since he updates Willy on his persisting predica ment as well as providing him with financial support and working opportunity. Nate Polzin, as Uncle Ben, is Willys older brother who is adventurous and lucky in his business ventures. Being lifeless, he only comes on the stage as Willys thoughts about the earlier periods. He depicts the incarnation of the most conventional feature of the American dream and the misguided credence that a man can reach the wasteland by himself and return affluent.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bernard who acts as Cameron Thorp is Charleys only son. He is gifted and conscientious though he lacks the extroverted qualities of any of Loman’s children. This lack of his sociable nature makes Willy believe that he will never be a true success in the business world. However, he proves to be far more successful relative to Willy’s imaginations. He has qualified as a legal representative to present a legal proceeding before the highest courtyard. Isaac Wood who plays as Howard Wagner is Willy’s boss is an extremely silent but egotistical who inherits his triumph without structuring any valuable decision by himself. The personal association between Willy and his father does not sway him. He does not factor the connection he has with Willy when he announces to him that he cannot get any chance to work in the office as he had requested. Largely, he portrays himself as unsympathetic. In fact, despite Willy’s bad state of affairs, he still fires him. Caitlyn Wash acting as The Woman is Willy’s mistress in Boston. She stands out as manipulative based on how she decides to have Willy has her partner only to misuse him for her personal gains. Lastly, Kristen Carter acting as Jenny is Charley’s secretary. Jordan Stafford, as Stanley, is a waiter at Frank’s Chop House. He is friendly and helpful as he sympathizes with Willy’s plight by taking him home from the restaurant where his sons left him. Lexee Longwell, as Miss Forsythe, is a call girl whom Biff and Happy met at Frank’s Chop House while Tillie Dorgan, as Letta, is a friend to Miss Forsythe Discussion of Design Elements Setting The play is set in the east coast America at the twentieth industrial society that was characterized by financial difficulties and the pressure for success. The pressure is evident following scarcity of jobs and resources to sustain lives of people-a case that leaves other mad. In fact, Willy meets Howard in need of a job. How ever, contrary to his expectations, he does not get it. Rather, he is fired. Troubled by the news, he starts to hallucinate by dialoguing with unseen creatures as he sets off to congregate his two kids at the hotel. As they wait for their dad at the restaurant, Biff tells Happy that Oliver did not see him because he could not recognize him. It finally dawns on Biff that he was mistaken to think he was going to ever get a loan and that his family had false hopes in their whole lives. Again, financial pressure is evident when Willy shows up at the restaurant where Biff is hard pressed to explain to his dad that he did not get the loan without disappointing him. Upon delivery of the disheartening news by Biff, Willy cannot manage the distress. In fact, he can now think about his past accounts such as the time when Biff realized he was having some extramarital affairs with another woman. At this moment, Biff and Happy leave him, as he comprehends the reality. Therefore, she setting show s clearly that America, being the land of opportunity, also has a fair share of challenges as Willy discovers and that it is unable to achieve all its ambitions. However, the staging of the play does not show the socio-economic environment where Willy tries to achieve his dream. Rather, it sticks to his search for his dream only with no detailed reminders of place and time. Music Music manages to set the mood of the play. The melody heard at the opening of the stage can be associated with nostalgia. It connects with Willy’s imagination of the happier life in the past when he had a promise of better things to come in the future. As the act is about to end, there is a calm sound of a flute, which can be viewed as a depiction of Willy’s delusional-blinded assurance in the American reverie. In fact, he remains on the stage alone and distressed following Biff and Happy’s decision to go back home from their outing where their mother quarrels them about leaving their d ad at the restaurant. Lighting Erickson has strategically used light to deliver certain messages to his audience. For instance, the illumination mainly adjacent to the apartments, which can be defined as dim orange, is a clear indication of the sorrow that people have after they have strived hard but never realizing their ambitions in life. In fact, Biff is an epitome of such people who have completely lost hope of their days to come. In other words, their future life is dim. Willy’s situation also matches with the intensity of light. An argument ensues in his family where nobody wants to bring any constructive contribution concerning his pathetic state just as the light manifests. Biff manages to state to the members that he cannot match his dad’s unrealistic expectations since he has failed in life. He even tells his family that it has been living trying to achieve unrealistic dreams symbolized by the dimmed light. Moreover, illumination has also been employed as a s trategy to indicate ambiance and the frame of mind of the characters. When Willy is thinking of his past memories, lighting covers the stage to create a seemingly joyful atmosphere. In fact, a working illustration of the use of lighting is evident following the way Erickson illuminates scenes in the hotel when sorrow dominates it. The use of light again has been used throughout the play to show the unwelcoming environment and situations of the characters who are living in a time when nobody has a reason to smile following the many crises ranging from financial, relationship, family, and even psychological imbalances. It has also been employed as a way of telling the exact position of the happening of any act in the masterpiece. For instance, when Willy begins his hallucinations, Erickson utilizes a unique light to show some variations of his state of mind and time when such scenarios are happening to Willy. A working illustration by Erickson is evident when Willy is meditating about his encounter with The Woman as Linda waits in one of the house apartments and specifically the kitchen. Viewers are not left to question about her absence since the illumination strategy is enough to tell them that whatever is taking place does so when Linda is elsewhere in the house. Sound Sound in the play is used to show the tragedy of Loman’s family by setting the stage at the beginning only to end with Willy Loman regretting his life. It stands out as a crucial element to denote Loman’s historical times when he could boast of joy and hope before things turned worse on his side. In addition, Ben’s key music is indicative of him being the figure that Willy adored as a source of his hope in life. Sound has also been employed to enhance appreciation of the characters and the scenarios in the work thus preparing the minds of the viewers of the tone of the happenings of things in the work as evidenced by Ben’s scenario to indicate feeling. Conclusion In my opinion, the director to some extent does not capture the audience with suspense mostly because even the title of the play gives away everything about the play although the audience is left anticipating witnessing how the death of the protagonist will occur. One can also learn very early in the play that Willy Loman, the main character in the play, has failed in his professional life and that he is suicidal thus making the audience predict that he is destined to kill himself even before he does it. He spoils the play by killing himself at the end of it well before the conclusion although his decision to kill himself for the $20,000 insurance money comes as no surprise since the event is out rightly foreshadowed throughout much of the dialogue. However, the director has been effective in the sense that Willy Loman, unlike other characters in the play who seem not to offer much, delivers most of the themes through his complicated tangle of regrets and undying hopes, which make the play effective in delivering its message to the audience.

Difference Between Intrinsic and Instrumental Value

Difference Between Intrinsic and Instrumental Value The distinction between intrinsic and instrumental value is one of the most fundamental and important in moral theory. Fortunately, it is not difficult to grasp. You value many things, such as beauty, sunshine, music, money, truth, and justice. To value something is to have a positive attitude toward it and to prefer its existence or occurrence over its nonexistence or nonoccurence. You can value it as an end, as a means to some end, or both. Instrumental Value You value most things instrumentally, that is, as a means to some end. Usually, this is obvious. For instance, you value a washing machine that works- purely for its useful function, or instrumental value. If there were a very cheap cleaning service next door that picked up and dropped off your laundry, you might use it and sell your washing machine because it no longer has any instrumental value to you. One thing nearly everyone values to some extent is money. But it is usually valued purely as a means to an end. It has instrumental value: It provides security, and you can use it to purchase things you want. Detached from its purchasing power, money is just a pile of printed paper or scrap metal. Intrinsic Value There are two notions of intrinsic value. It can be: Valuable in itself  Valued by someone for its own sake If something has intrinsic value in the first sense, this means that the universe is somehow a better place for that thing existing or occurring. Utilitarian philosophers like John Stuart Mill claim that pleasure and happiness are valuable in and of themselves. A universe in which a single sentient being is experiencing pleasure is better than one in which there are no sentient beings. It is a more valuable place. Immanuel Kant holds that genuinely moral actions are intrinsically valuable. He would say that a universe in which rational beings perform good actions from a sense of duty is an inherently better place than a universe in which this doesn’t happen. The Cambridge philosopher G.E. Moore says that a world containing natural beauty is more valuable than a world without beauty, even if there is no one there to experience it. To these philosophers, these things are all valuable in and of themselves. This first notion of intrinsic value is controversial. Many philosophers would say that it makes no sense to talk about things being valuable in themselves unless they are actually valued by someone. Even pleasure or happiness are only intrinsically valuable because they are experienced by someone. Value for Its Own Sake Focusing on the second sense of intrinsic value, the question arises: What do people value for its own sake? The most obvious candidates are pleasure and happiness. People value many things- wealth, health, beauty, friends, education, employment, houses, cars, and washing machines- because they think those things will give them pleasure or make them happy. It may seemingly make sense to ask why people want them. But both Aristotle and Mill pointed out that it doesn’t make sense to ask why a person wants to be happy. Most people value not only their own happiness, they also value the happiness of other people. They are sometimes willing to sacrifice their own happiness for the sake of someone else’s. People also sacrifice themselves or their happiness for other things, such as religion, their country, justice, knowledge, truth, or art. Those are all things that convey the second characteristic of intrinsic value: They are valued by someone for their own sake.

Julia Alvarez, How the Garcia Girls Lost their Accent Response Essay

Julia Alvarez, How the Garcia Girls Lost their Accent Response - Essay Example The girls are born to a very influential Spanish family which lives in the Dominican Republic. Due to the strong opposition of the girls’ father to the political dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, which prevailed in their homeland, the family manages to immigrate to America. The story revolves around their feelings as immigrants, the problems faced by them, the dilemmas they go through as immigrants where they had to let go of the memories of their past and try to adjust in a new life and culture which did not particularly match theirs. In many of the book reviews that I have read, it has been written that the novel is inspired from Julia Alvarez’s personal life, which can be a possible reason for her very realistic outlook on the problems faced by immigrants. I myself felt that there were many aspects of the book that I could relate to as an individual. As with the previous book â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God,† love plays a very important role in this book as well. The central character is Yolanda narrates a considerable part of the story. In one chapter of the book she narrates her experiences as a college student. Her major was English which was challenging for her because in her class of English majors many were native speakers of the language and many of the phrases which they spoke were difficult for her to understand.

How to Do Well On a Job Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to Do Well On a Job Interview - Assignment Example Job interviews are means that companies use to identify the right candidates for the vacant posts in the companies. The only way the interviewer is able to identify the personality of the interviewee is by judging their communication skills. Communication is divided into two major parts that are verbal and non-verbal. The interviewee should be able to use them to ensure that he impresses the interviewer in a professional way to increase his chances to acquire the job. The non-verbal communication is mainly by the facial expression and body posture; the interviewee should smile and appear serious when answering the questions (Nieremberg, 2005). The interviewee should sit in a way that he does not appear nervous but should maintain eye contract to read the non-verbal language of the interviewer. Verbal communication includes talking and listening. The interviewee should portray his ability to do both in a professional manner. The interviewee should not interrupt the interviewer or try to change the topic the interviewer is willing to discuss since you should let the interviewer run the interview. The interviewee should ensure that he is audible, clear, direct to the point, use complete sentences, maintain professionalism, do not use acronyms, listen and ask questions when offered the opportunity to become more conversant with the company (Nieremberg, 2005). Confusion is one of the key reasons that an interviewee will fail in the interview. The confusion tints the appearance of the interviewee, making him appear unprofessional. To boost one’s appearance, the interviewee should practice for the interview by noting the most frequent basic questions to ensure that he is not caught off-guard during the interview, which will tamper with his appearance. The dressing code of the company is key to ensure that the interviewee does not appear out of place during the interview. Researching on the company and practicing with friends on

Walmarts Expansion in Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Walmarts Expansion in Africa - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Walmart, the biggest US retailer has been successful through its global strategy of acquiring partners through subsidiaries in various countries like Mexico, China, Canada, and Argentina. Recently, Walmart acquired a majority stake in Massmart Holdings Ltd. in 2011. Massmart operates more than 350 stores in South Africa and 11 other sub-Saharan countries. Brands include Game, Dion Wired, Makro, Kangela, Builders Warehouse, Builders Express, Builders Trade Depot, CBW, and Jumbo Cash and Carry. It had been effective in pulling in the purchasers on an expansive scale through its approach of 'Every Day Low Price' (EDLP), client-driven methodology and support are given to clients to furnish a proportional payback things in the event of any deformity in the items. The clients were additionally tempted to buy vast amounts as a result of the low valuing when contrasted and the contenders. Walmart likewise offered an extensive variety of items and foodstuffs which was an alternate appreciation for the clients to shop under a solitary top. Through their global operations in Japan and Germany, Walmart had additionally learned lessons on distinctive shopper conduct. While Japanese buyers felt that a low cost was characteristic of low quality and did not belittle a large portion of Walmart stores, in Germany administrative confinements on the low-value method supported the nearby retailers prompting a disapproval of Walmart by the customers.

What is reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is reality - Essay Example This world is very enchanting and we are enjoying the beauty and charm of this universe in the life we are living. We have all kinds of pleasures achievable from this universe with the aid of our sensory organs.But even after the limitless enjoyment of worldly objects a human being lurk happiness in real sense. It would be a surprising fact to explain that the real happiness in this world only comes from the right knowledge of the world and the self. All human beings have the desire for knowledge but if real knowledge is not connected with outside world. Only when one withdrew his senses from worldly object and concentrate on self then can he attain real knowledge. If we look from the view point of physical body and senses, we assume that the real knowledge is related only with world and its objects. This is because our physical needs and urges are met by physical world.According to article 1â€Å"Every organism is so to speak a nomadic being and it has a world of its own because it has experience of its own†. However if one search for real happiness he needs to go in depth to the urges of soul. On contrast, human culture and civilization always emphasized on external activities rather than internal ones. It is curious nature of man which changed his life, and it is that which persuaded him to turn towards cosmic nature and its power. The mythology and anthropology gave a new dimension to nature and revealed that which man cannot perceive with his sensory organs. A man is a creature which is always in search of himself and according to Socrates he should always be aware of his condition and existence†. But he have this limitation which does not allow him to see the real world .He is bound by mind, intelligence and ego and think what he sees in outside world is all that exist in real sense. We have senses which are restricted in nature and we cannot see things we are not supposed to see. There are lot of things in nature which cannot be viewed with our naked eyes. The rays like gamma and x-rays we cannot observe or comprehend with our senses but their power is beyond our knowledge. In the same way there exist cosmic rays and beyond is the power o f unknown which common men or scientists or physicians cannot understand. According to physical what we see as objects are nothing but matter composed of atoms, electrons and protons. It is the vibration of these makes the world appear as what it is .The quantum physics elaborating the physical universe with the help of time distance and mass. According to article 2â€Å"In its popular sense â€Å"mass† is just another word for weight. But as used by physicist, it denotes a rather different and more fundamental property of matter† The physicist also suggests that light has a dualistic nature which is very difficult to understand and comprehend. And it is reality that every minute particle of universe has something which is unknown attached to it. There is one void ness t o every thing which is related to an unknown source. This unknown reality is the cosmic power or otherwise knows as God or Almighty. However, the people in world live by metaphors that are connected to word rather than action or thought. The way we live our life is metaphorical and we identify every thing in this world relative to our thought and word. Our everyday life is metaphorical and every concept and objects of world are connected to each other. All objects and people in the world are identified with a word and nature .We work automatically in our life, it is mostly the intelligence and mind take the dominant position in our life. In the same way our language also plays a greater role in life by giving meaning to different objects and beings. For an example, the concept of argument is a verbal war and is related to war but there is no physical violence in it. Argument is a war but it is different from the real war. There is winning and losing in a war and an argument also hav e the same. These are different activities but fall in to a same category but we do not consider

Life mistake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life mistake - Essay Example Over time, my naivety led me to yield to such pressure and I began indulging in unacceptable social behaviour. This paper will describe this significant life mistake that I made years back. I remember clearly that turning 12 was an exciting event. When I was ten years old, my mother had told me about the challenges teenager faced during adolescence. She had tried to guide me and prepare me for the most significant transition from childhood to adolescence. Despite her efforts to prepare me, adolescence came sooner than I thought and brought about multiple changes in my life. Many of my friends had the conviction that, the adolescent stage presented an opportunity for them to explore different things that adults did (Pickhardt, 2011). Since I was confused and faced an identity crisis as I grew older in the teenage years, I faced a constant temptation to please my friends. Therefore, I tried out all the things they suggested. Initially, I did not see any harm in joining my friends in their ventures as the activities they indulged in were exciting. However, with time, my friends began to adopt habits that were considered socially wrong. For example, they encouraged me to try out smoking when I was only fourteen (p. 23). Personally, I was against smoking because I knew its numerous side effects, but, the pressure from my friends to prove myself an adult using the puff was overwhelming, so I eventually gave in. Smoking was not the worst thing that I did as a result of yielding to peer pressure. I became overly rebellious and would often sneak out at night to go to clubs and theatres. This continued for sometimes despite the warnings from my parents and teachers who had noticed that I had changed. Although they tried to counsel me, I was unwilling to accept counsel at that time. However, on one fateful night, when my friends and I were out clubbing, the security officers realized that we were

Strategic management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic management - Research Paper Example IKEA has been forced to develop a supply chain model that is very scrutinizing of supplier labour policies, putting considerable strain on in-house procurement to ensure compliance to IKEA’s no child labour processes. These can represent significant costs and restructuring of the supply chain to ensure that no products are being subcontracted from regions that use child labour in production. At a time when IKEA is concerned with cost-cutting measures, this can complicate distribution and operations, making political issues in child labour a budgetary problem. In Russia, IKEA global has been hindered by ongoing corruption that is occurring at the governmental and cultural levels. IKEA actually froze its investments in Russia in 2009 due to its anti-corruption stand and a recent scenario that involved bribes paid to subcontractors related to the procurement of electricity suppliers in St. Petersburg (Betts 2010). This puts pressure on strategic expansion plans as the company must cut through bureaucracy red-tape and attempt to gain governmental support for anti-corruption. In many ways, IKEA is at the mercy of regional governments who seem, in some territories, to turn a blind eye to these business practices. Campaigning against corruption represents a similar strain to operating budget and proper, efficient utilization of executive personnel. Betts (2010) identifies that IKEA has also dealt with corruption in France that was occurring from political groups that suggested IKEA was involved in the exploitation of French workers at its stores. IKEA received cultural backlash from French citizens on picket lines that disrupted trading with 26 French retail stores. IKEA must continuously deal with political angst in certain countries where it operates and, since the company’s supply chain is global, becomes a target of political objectives. The economic environment differs in

Life mistake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life mistake - Essay Example Over time, my naivety led me to yield to such pressure and I began indulging in unacceptable social behaviour. This paper will describe this significant life mistake that I made years back. I remember clearly that turning 12 was an exciting event. When I was ten years old, my mother had told me about the challenges teenager faced during adolescence. She had tried to guide me and prepare me for the most significant transition from childhood to adolescence. Despite her efforts to prepare me, adolescence came sooner than I thought and brought about multiple changes in my life. Many of my friends had the conviction that, the adolescent stage presented an opportunity for them to explore different things that adults did (Pickhardt, 2011). Since I was confused and faced an identity crisis as I grew older in the teenage years, I faced a constant temptation to please my friends. Therefore, I tried out all the things they suggested. Initially, I did not see any harm in joining my friends in their ventures as the activities they indulged in were exciting. However, with time, my friends began to adopt habits that were considered socially wrong. For example, they encouraged me to try out smoking when I was only fourteen (p. 23). Personally, I was against smoking because I knew its numerous side effects, but, the pressure from my friends to prove myself an adult using the puff was overwhelming, so I eventually gave in. Smoking was not the worst thing that I did as a result of yielding to peer pressure. I became overly rebellious and would often sneak out at night to go to clubs and theatres. This continued for sometimes despite the warnings from my parents and teachers who had noticed that I had changed. Although they tried to counsel me, I was unwilling to accept counsel at that time. However, on one fateful night, when my friends and I were out clubbing, the security officers realized that we were

How change in oil prices affect the stock market of GCC prices Assignment

How change in oil prices affect the stock market of GCC prices - Assignment Example The abrupt fall in oil prices has a varied effect on the world economies. Most of the oil producers will face economic recessions, and the value of their currencies will depreciate, owing the reduction in the purchasing power. Major oil producers will lose their funds, owing to the abrupt decrease in value of oil. However, the US and other oil consumers have no major worries, and the drop in the prices of oil proves to be a positive movement for betterment of the economy (Mirhaydari, 2014). The history of oil prices encompasses varied changes though this may appear as the major decrease in the 21st century. Before the industrialization and increased dependence on oil, prices were low. However, the increased demand for oil resulted in an increasing value of the crude oil. It has remained this way for a long time until now. Much of the world still depends on oil, though major economies, such as China, USA, and Europe as a continent, have minimized their consumption, narrowing the market (Stefanova, 2014). The price fall may be attributed to this demand change. The stock markets of GCC will be adversely affected by the decrease in the oil prices worldwide. The reduction in the GDP of these nations will amount to decreased spending, and thus there will be a reduction in the demand for shares and stocks, minimizing the trade occurrence. A stock market crash may be possible since there will be significant effects on the countries’ economies. The prices of stocks will fall, because of the prevalent low oil prices. Oil is the largest export in these countries, and thus a reduction in the money in circulation, which limits consumer spending, resulting to poor performing stock markets (Morris, 2015). Oil prices are at their lowest state in the 21st century, resulting in varied effects on the economies of different countries. The US, Europe, and China are some of the

Myth is used more in short stories that have been passed Essay Example for Free

Myth is used more in short stories that have been passed Essay In this paper I have answered the questions in short answers. I go over what a myth is and how they have been passed on through different generations. How different cultures believe in different thing but in a way they kind of believe in the same thing just a different way. I also go over what the difference is that is between belief, knowledge, mythology and religion. Myth is used more in short stories that have been passed on through different generations, half the time the stories are not even true or not completely true. However when the story is being told it is made out to be true and people go on to believe the story really did happen. A myth can also be a story that someone is telling you that do not seem to be true but in the end it is true. My definition of a myth is a story that has been passed on through different generations that may or may not have happen and no one will ever know the truth behind the stories. In the world there are many different cultures, and no every culture has the same beliefs. Each culture believes in different Gods, but they all seem to believe that there is a God. For an example many people believe to this day that God has created us humans while others seem to believe that humans were created over time by evolution, turning from animals into humans. The relationship that is between belief, knowledge, mythology, and religion is they all have the foundations of both beliefs and knowledge. People tend to use belief, knowledge, mythology, and religion to know the differences between good and evil and right from wrong. â€Å"Mythology diverges from religion when a myth deviates from its immediate significance and is changed from the sacred importance into a legend or folktale† (Religion and mythology, 2011). References Landry, P. (2011). Charles Darwin. Retrieved from http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Biographies/Science/Darwin.htm Leonard, S., McClure, M. (2004). Myth and knowing: An introduction to world mythology. (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Mythology in contemporary culture. (2011). Retrieved from http://pcaaca.org/areas/mythology.php The white hat guide to myths and legends in Australia, (2010), retrieved from http://www.whitehat.com.au/australia/History/Myths.asp

Air Pollution In Beijing Environmental Sciences Essay

Air Pollution In Beijing Environmental Sciences Essay Air pollution is the substances that accumulated in the atmosphere, which will endanger human health or produce other measured effects on living matter and other materials. [1]Air pollution is mainly emitted from the exhaust of motor vehicles, the combustion of fossil fuels as well as the burning process of coal and oil. As can be seen, the production of electricity generates the most of the pollution through coal burning. Generally speaking, pollutants can be in the form of solid particles or gases. In addition, they may be natural or man-made. [2] Pollutants in the air can be classified as either primary or secondary. Usually, primary pollutants are substances directly emitted from a process by human or natural sources, such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, dust, sea salt, smoke from forest fires, ash from a volcanic eruption and chemicals from human activity. (See picture1.1) Picture1.1 Sources of primary pollutants Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly, they occur when primary pollutants react with atmospheric gases to make new, hazardous substances. An important example of a secondary pollutant is ground level ozone. [3] However, some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: That is, they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants. As is addressed in an overview by World Bank of the 20 cities exposed to highest concentrations of particulate matter, which are tiny subdivisions of solid or liquid matter suspended in a gas or liquid, quite a lot of Chinese cities were mentioned, as Beijing is the sixteenth. In fact, not only the concentration of particulate matter, the overall environmental situation of Beijing is indeed a serious problem. Since the mid-1960s, industrialization took the place of agriculture and became Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s primary economy. However, the pollution generation and resource depletion followed, which directly contributes to environmental degradation. The high density of fine particulate matter, ozone as well as SO2 and NOX is the major air problem in China. When it comes to the effects of air pollution, the damages to human health, vegetation and materials fully account for the reasons why it is important to pay attention to air pollution management. Exposure to these air pollutants has been associated with the increases of mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. In fact, air quality management is not simply a euphemistic synonym for air pollution control; rather it represents a well defined process or rationale for establishing and enforcing regulations governing emissions of a wide array of pollutants from diverse urban and rural sources. Beijing, a typical representative of rapid developing cities, is an example to illustrate the measures that are applied in urban air pollution controlling and management concerned with a sustainable perspective. Conclusion and Limitation Conclusion As can be seen from this dissertation, the most serious air pollution in Beijing is the concentration of PM10, which is mainly from dust-soil, coal burning, construction, vehicle exhaust emission, waste incineration, concrete manufacturing, metal smelting industry emission, as well as urban road traffic. In addition, because Beijing is located at the downstream of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia which are the source areas of the dust storms, and therefore makes the density of PM10 more complicated. In addition to the PM10 problem, the influences caused by O3 and SO2 could not be ignored. High temperature and relative humidity conditions in summer accelerate the transformation of air pollutants, which results in high concentration of O3. While in winter, high demand of coal consumption leads to the dramatic increase of SO2 concentration. Due to the damages such as human health, vegetations and materials, caused by these air pollutants, the municipal government of Beijing starts to pay mor e attentions to this aspect. To reduce the air pollutants in Beijing, a more reasonable transportation system had been implemented already. For example, the new city planning called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Two Axles, Two Corridors with Multi-centeredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  was adopted by the government, which could divide the traffic flow effectively during the rush hour. This leads to the reduction of air pollutants from vehicles when they are at idle. Moreover, public transportation like bus, light rail, and subway are encouraged, the amount of such public transportation is increasing, and light rail and subway were sped up several times. When the usage of public transportation is at an increasing trend, trips by private cars are at a decreasing tendency, and then the emissions from vehicles reduced. What else, the quality of vehicle fuel was also improved, Euro 5 standard tends to be adopted around 2012 in Beijing, the content of sulfur in Euro 5 standard for gasoline and diesel is less than 10 ppm. Beijing municipal governm ent also carried out a lot of incentives on vehicle retrofit, scrappage and purchase to make the on-road vehicles cleaner and emit less air pollutants. Apart from traffic system, there is also transition in energy system. For example, government encourages the usage of renewable energy such as nuclear, solar, wind, biomass, and hydrogen, etc. Economic incentives are applied to encourage the enterprise to invest in the renewable energy. For customers, there are discounts when purchase the electricity that produced by the renewable energy. What is more, green planning is also important in controlling the air quality in Beijing, because trees can absorb air pollutants. And vegetation can also conserve the soil, which would improve the dust storm situation. Although the air pollution level is still high compared with some European countries, it is developing at a satisfied trend with these efforts from municipal government of Beijing, which means a gradual improvement of air quality every year. In the August of 2008, the average air pollution index was about 56, which was 30% lower than API 80 at the same period of last year. The PM10 concentration during the Olympics stayed at a satisfied level, and there were even 9 days, in which, the concentration of PM10 came to be lower than 50 micrograms per cubic metre, achieving the WHO air quality target. With regards to the density of O3 in this period, the mean value in the daytime came to 42 ppb, which was the lowest point during these three years. These improvements provided a sound environment for the Beijing Olympic Games. Limitation Before the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, Beijing municipal government carried out a set of phased measures and policies such as the odd-even day vehicle operation and closure of some construction sites. There were also restrictions for the coal-burning facilities. The results of these policies were significant, which made the air quality during the Olympics even achieve the WHO air quality target instead of the WHO interim target for developing countries. However, from the perspective of author, air quality during Olympics has its particularity, and the specific measures that were applied to improve the air quality during this period have their limitations when continue after the Olympics. For example, coal is still the primary energy in China and this situation will last a very long time in future. In addition, coal burning industries could not be restricted too much, which may affect the economic growth significantly. Therefore, attentions should still be paid to the general policies or measures the author mentioned above. Developing a better city map and improving the vehicle fuel quality are necessary. The encouragement of public transportation and renewable energy can contribute to air quality. Furthermore, improving the efficiency of energy and expanding the green areas in urban area of Beijing should be advocated by government and citizens. These measures are mainly applied within Beijing, in the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion it is not enough. As is propounded that the surrounding provinces Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Shanxi contribute a lot of air pollution to Beijing through the activities such as rural biomass burning, which is an important contributor to fine PM concentrations. The emitted air pollutants pervade the entire region and add to the local pollution in Beijing during transport on the prevailing winds. These four provinces are also the most polluted provinces in China. [68] So in order to improve the air quality in Beijing, the measures should not only be implemented in Beijing, but also applied in the surrounding provinces. Further researches and investigations of the surrounding provinces are of consequence needed. Furthermore, the whole dissertation is based on the analysis of relative literatures, without any research activities such as questionnaire and interviews, and this may make the dissertation less realistic. To improve this situation, more research methods such as empirical study and observations should be encouraged if available in the further research. What is more, sometimes the opinions and conclusions from the authors of the relative literatures may be subjective which would influence the analysis results. As a student at the university, both the analysis ability and research ability are sometimes not skillful enough for academic work.

Understanding Of Scottish Society :: essays research papers fc

Abstract The concept of a nation state has only emerged over the last couple of centuries, before this point less advanced and coherent states managed the affairs of the populous. The nation state is the overlapping of two separate features. The nation is the identity that individuals relate to within the society. This can exist on its own, as all that is needed is a person to feel that they have a connection with others on no more than shared belonging. The state is used to take national feelings of loyalty and use them to effectively govern peoples lives. The state almost like a governmental overlay for a national identity to operate within. Scotland can be seen in this light because it is a fine example of what nationhood looks like, without the apparatus of the state to cloud the picture. Scotland has this dual identity of Scottish nation within the confines of a British state. In answering this question it is necessary to investigate the origins of modern nation states. Firstly examining what the term 'Nation State' means by breaking it down into its two parts. Lastly I will examine how accurate a term the 'Nation State' is when applied to Scottish Society. The 'Nation State' is a recent phenomena, with most of human history being founded on stateless societies. These stateless societies refer to the tribal and clan systems that existed across the globe, before the emergence of larger societies such as Empires and Kingdoms. These societies were able to function as they were relatively small. The whole or at least a large part of the community could be involved in any decision that need to be made, although because of their size complex decision making processes were needed. With the increase of population and the subsequent competition for limited resources, systems started to emerge that could handle the new demands. Economies started to produce more than what was required by the community, so the surplus was trade with neighbouring communities. This process also created the need for higher authority to govern the transactions between the communities. These embryonic communities developed into what can be described as traditional states, with a sovereign leader such as a King or Emperor who ruled absolutely. They could do this because they held the reins of the states military forces. In Max Weber's view this was the critical component of any state. For a state to be legitimate it must have a monopoly of the use of violence within the confines of its own territory. However usually this was only a last resort and the ordinary people were quite unaware of the state developing around them. A limited form of government would emerge to ensure that the Head of the State could rule effectively.

A Blind Man Leads the Way

A Blind Man Leads the Way â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver, describes a couple who is awaiting the arrival of the wife’s blind friend, Robert. The husband is not too fond of a blind man staying in their house and is judgmental about meeting him. It’s not until the family sits down to watch t. v. that the husband gains respect for Robert. A show about cathedrals comes on, and Robert asks him to describe them to him. When Robert and the husband draw the cathedral together with their eyes closed, the husband begins to see what he could not describe with his eyes open. Carver uses the cathedral in the story as a symbol of sight, insisting that the narrator was blinded by prejudice before he met Robert and also as a symbol of teaching, Robert acting as a preacher in a church. The husband is very judgmental and negative toward blind people. He states, â€Å"My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies, the blind moved slowly and never laughed. Sometimes they were led by seeing eye dogs† (526). The husband views all blind people as the same and gives them the same respect, which is none. He brings them down to make himself feel better. Carver’s figures close themselves off from their worlds, walling out the threatening forces in their lives even as they wall themselves in and retreat destructively into the claustrophobic inner enclosures of self† (Davis). When the narrator meets Robert and they all sit down for dinner, his opinion about Robert begins to change. He says, â€Å"The blind man had right away located his fo ods, he knew just where everything was on his plate† (531). The husband was in shock that Robert did not need someone to cut up his food and help him eat his meals. He begins to see and appreciate Robert as a person and not just as a blind man. His sight is in full affect when he begins describing the cathedral from the t. v. show. The narrator could see the cathedral, but he could not quite describe what he saw. He and the blind man began to draw the cathedral, and for once the narrator felt like he was the blind and that the blind man was the one who could see. The husband states, â€Å"It’s really something† (537). This is when he can fully see the picture not only of the cathedral, but also the understanding that even the blind can see and understand things with their eyes closed. The narrator comes to understand Robert and learns a lot from him. Robert helps him to open his eyes and become less judgmental of the blind. The husband learns from Robert that you can’t judge a book by its cover, and that sometimes it’s the important things in life that you can’t see that really matter. Cathedrals are holy structures that people go to and receive an understanding of a higher power. In this story Robert is represented by the cathedral being the teacher, and the seeker is the husband. Robert is the one who gives the understanding of what it is like to be blind. Robert teaches the husband along the way by his actions and shows him that being blind is not a disability, but sometimes even a gift. Robert insists they draw a cathedral together and as the husband draws, Robert guides him through the process. Robert states, â€Å"That’s right. That’s good,† he said. â€Å"Sure. You got it bub, I can tell. You didn’t think you could but you can, can’t you† (536)? Robert is guiding the narrator through the process, just as a preacher would guide his church through a service. Robert is guiding the husband step by step, making sure he is getting an understanding of the Cathedral. In the beginning, the narrator was less passionate about Cathedrals, but through Robert’s eyes, he grew found of them. The narrator states, â€Å"The truth is, cathedrals don’t mean anything special to me. Nothing. Cathedrals. They’re something to look at on late-night TV† (535). The narrator viewed cathedrals differently by the end, and they made him feel something he had never felt before. The narrator states, â€Å"My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that. But I didn’t feel like I was inside anything† (536). At this point the narrator feels outside of everything at the moment and spiritually feels like he is part of something greater. â€Å"As a symbol represents a kind of common humanity and benevolence, and of human patience and fortitude, in the process of â€Å"a-spiring. † Curiously enough it is within the walls of the cathedral that the narrator ultimately ends up† (Nesset). Robert showed the narrator that there is a higher power out there. He did not want to pester the husband by talking to him about religion so he showed him through drawing the cathedral. The narrator felt like he was outside of his own body and felt like he was part of something higher. Robert taught the husband along the way showing him that seeing isn’t believing, but believing is seeing. By this point, the narrator witnessed himself opening up and becoming less judgmental of the situation. â€Å"Only in Cathedral does the reader witness the rare moments of their coming out, and process of opening up in closed-down lives that comes across in both the subjects and events of the stories†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nesset). Robert was a Christian man, and believes that he showed the narrator that there is a higher power out there, and helped the husband understand that through the cathedral. â€Å"The narrator of â€Å"Cathedral† communicated verbally and non-verbally with Robert, resulting a renewed sense of empathy and a remarkable, almost religious experience† (Champion). The narrator did experience a religious experience through the cathedral, and it made him feel like he was not himself. Through the cathedral, the husband is a changed man. Robert shows and guides him along the way, teaching him that seeing is not everything and that even someone blind can help you to see and understand things you never thought you could describe. In the beginning the husband was very judgmental of Robert and did not want him in his home, and by the end he felt like his life had been missing something and that was the guidance of the cathedral. The sight he encountered as he sat there with Robert and drew the cathedral was like something he had never seen before, and could only be seen with his eyes closed.

Health and Safety Essay

Potential for falling objects – The employer or employee must make sure that all items of equipment, materials and tools that are not in use must be stored/stacked correctly and securely. Otherwise, there is a potential that the item/item may fall and injure a person. .Sharp edges and trailing leads – Sharp edges must be rounded off to make sure that a person does not band a part of their body on them and trailing leads should be wrapped in something protective to bunch them together, and to make sure they are out of the way. .Evacuation assembly areas – This is a designated area for staff and other members to meet. We have these to round up people away from the fire to ensure the safety of everyone. Employers must train their staff about a fire evacuation, making sure they know which point on the premises to go to. .Site building works – From time to time, employees may find themselves having to enter certain areas which may be hazardous, having to come into contact with hazardous substances or having to be exposed to noisy areas. It is the employers that should ensure that any building work is kept separate from employees but in certain circumstances, all care must be taken to make sure employees are kept safe in their working environment. .Off-site work – Any risks that are connected with off-site work must be assessed before the work takes place. These risks are highlighted and controlled in a similar way as to how they would be in the workplace. Employees and individuals involved in off-site working must be provided with the correct training and must be given the right information about health and safety working. .Organic infestation – When organic pests arrive in the workplace, they can present infection hazards, be offensive, contaminate food, create damage to materials and structures and also, can be an annoyance to employees. Employers have a duty to ensure that there is an efficient management of organic pests, otherwise things may escalate. But also, employees have a responsibility to report any sightings of pests or to bring up evidence of their existence to the suitable person. .Vermin infestation – Vermin infestation can cause some serious problems in the workplace. This can include: damage to equipment, damage to electrical supplies, and contamination of any water supplies and also the threat of having disease from droppings or urine. Employers must make sure that they carry out risk assessments and employees must make sure that they report any sightings of rat/mice activity. Infestations can be prevented by having good workplace hygiene, which involves regular housekeeping, (vacuuming, cleaning carpets and fabrics thoroughly). .Dampness and Mould – When dampness and mould arises, it can cause numerous health issues and problems for the employees who work there. They may suffer from allergies and cold-like symptoms, which includes sneezing and irritable eyes. Damp problems can also cause serious respiratory problems for employees. It is the employer’s duty to keep his staff happy and healthy, and so to stick with this, they should ensure that they can do all they can to prevent it. Ways which consist of: drying up any condensation around the workplace within 48 hours, install proper ventilation and ensuring that cold surfaces are properly insulted. .Materials and Waste disposal – Some employees may come into contact with materials which could be hazardous to their health. If this isn’t dealt with properly, these can result in injury or even death. Employers must certify that they minimise the risks to their workers that are exposed to these materials. As well as this, managers have a duty to make sure that hazardous waste is accurately recognized at certain stages of production and that appropriate measures are taken to protect the health of the surrounding people. .Hygiene facilities – There are general welfare requirements for staff and employers must ensure that certain minimum levels of hygiene facilities are provided in the workplace. Types of washing facilities depend on the nature of what type of working business it is. The area in which staff can wash must be in an easy, accessible place. They must be hygienic, well lit and ventilate. Hot soap and water must be provided and either hand towels and electric hand dryers. Also, men and women should have separate facilities. .Disabled access and toilet facilities – Employers have a duty to ensure that if they do employer a person who is disabled to come and work for them, that there is sufficient disabled washing facilities and toilet facilities. The facilities should have: drop down hand and also support rails, emergency pull cords, accessible wash basins, soap dispensers, toilet paper and paper towels. .Food preparation areas – In any type of food preparation are, there must be strict rules and regulations laid down by the employer to prevent food from being contaminated. As well as this, it is their responsibility to make sure that their employees and staff aren’t a risk to food safety. This is where employers need to focus on 4 main areas to ensure health and safety: keeping the area clean, reporting any illnesses, clothing and personal cleanliness/hygiene. .Pest control – Employers must do a number of things to control pests. A few of them being: securing buildings to prevent them from entering, setting and maintain poisons and traps to kill them, spraying insecticides to kill pests and installing ultraviolet insect killers. .Noise and atmospheric pollution – This can be a serious issue to workers and employers have a duty to reduce any noise pollution that might lead to damage to the ears. The Control of Noise at Work Regulations applies to any workers who are exposed to noises over 85 decibels or more in the workplace. Long-lasting exposure to this amount of noise will damage an employees hearing. In addition to controlling noise pollution, employers must ensure that their workers aren’t exposed to atmospheric pollution. This is known as air pollution. Atmospheric pollution is any particulate matter present in the air that has the potential to damage someone’s health. This includes: dust, fumes and gases. Any health condition that is caused by atmospheric pollution has the potential to be very fatal for the people in the workplace. Employers have a legal responsibility to make sure that risk assessments are carried out. Suitable and efficient provision must be provided to ensure that every workspace is ventilated by a quantity of fresh or even purified air. .Temperature and ventilation – Temperature in work areas should provide reasonable comfort without the need for certain types of clothing. If the temperature is too hot or cold, steps should be taken to achieve a reasonable temperature which is close to comfortable. If employees, staff or any sort of worker is exposed to temperatures that are too high or low, the employer must make provision to make sure that their workers are as comfortable as possible. As well as temperature control, workplaces must ensure that there is some form of ventilation. This gives workers the opportunity to breathe fresh, clean air when they are working. Windows can be one from of ventilation and another could be properly installed mechanical systems. Both of which provide ventilation for workers. Ventilation systems which are provided in the workplace should remove and dilute, warm, humid air which can sometimes be uncomfortable to work in. .Equipment – Maintenance of a safe working environment ranges from having safe equipment and warning signs to help protect workers from being harmed. .Safety guards – The guarding of dangerous machinery has been a legal requirement for many years under the Health and Safety at Work act 1974. Employers must make sure that dangerous machinery that is being used by the workers are trained and the appropriate person for the job. .Warning signs and sound signals – One of the most common safety features in the workplace are warning signs which are used to alert employees and workers to the potential risks or dangers that are around them. Also, warning signs may instruct employees on what to do if an emergency occurred. Certain signs such as fire exits must be able to light up in the case of an emergency and they must also be fitted with audible alarms. Training must be provided to every employee so that they understand the information or directions being conveyed by any warning signs in their workplace. Another point is, is that the general safety requirements for staff in the workplace is that all workers should be aware of any sound signals that the company uses if there is ever an emergency situation. These sound signals are classed as safety signs and staff should make sure that they know what to do if one of these goes off. Staff and workers should be trained to know what each and every sound signal means in case of an emergency and also to know what they have to do in the event of hearing it go off. .Maintenance frequency – A lot of accidents that that happen in the workplace are due to faulty or poorly maintained work equipment. Employers have a duty to make sure that all of their equipment is maintained and in good shape. They should also ensure that the maintenance log is kept up to date showing when the machinery and equipment was last inspected/serviced. The maintenance frequency of workplace machinery and equipment depends on numerous factors, such as the working limits and maximum use of equipment, how it is used and the risk to safety of malfunction. .Protective clothing – Several job roles require staff and workers to wear protective clothing. This can make the job that they have much easier, can prevent them from getting an injury and can even save lives. Gloves, helmets, footwear, face masks, chemical suits, high-visibility vests and eye protectors all come under types of PPE. It is the employer’s responsibility to ensure that their workers and employees have PPE provided and that it also matches the potential hazards. They must also ensure that employees know why they must wear their PPE and that it must be worn correctly. .Accessible emergency exits – As a part of their emergency risk assessment, employers must take into consideration whether, in the event of an emergency, like a fire that is taking place, all individuals that are in the workplace could leave in a safe manner and reach a safe destination. So for this, they must provide safe and accessible fire exits. These fire exits must be clearly signposted with signs that light up and that are alarmed. .Fire extinguishers or sprinkler systems – In the workplace, employers must make sure that they provide the means for staff to treat small fires. The number of fire extinguishers that are required within a business, all depends on how large or small that business is. Typically, extinguishers are sited next to potential fire risks, such as heaters or a computer, and they are also close to exit doors and stairways. Also, extinguishers must be evidently signed and labelled. There are five main types of extinguisher, and these are: water, foam, CO2, powder and wet chemical. Employers must make sure that they train their staff and workers to know which type of extinguisher to use on a fire and so that they also know how to work them properly. A much more effective way of dealing with fires that occur in the workplace, is the installation of a water sprinkler system. These work by a fire activating them and water is then fed from the water supply and puts out the fire. These sprinkler systems are seen as a safer way of putting out a fire and also much more effective.

Reflection Journal on court Visit

Even before entering courtroom it was evident how nervous every single student in the group I was in was, from the way everyone slowly crept forward, reluctant to be the first one through the door. I had to steel my nerves before pushing the door to District Courtroom 11 open. The trial I experienced was the murder of a pair of infant twins due to a lack of sustenance and nutrition in June 2008 (Dick & Kellet, 2008) The accused parties, (LWS009 Study Guide, 2013, p. 15), Kylie Maree Mathews and Mark Ryan Jackman, were the mother and father of the twins.The opposing crown prosecutor’s case (LWS009 Study Guide, 2013, p. 14) was brought on behalf of the State of Queensland. When I first walked into the courtroom, one of the last people who had had contact with the accused parties before the twins died was being cross-examined by the defending Barrister (M. Backstrom, â€Å"LWS009 Lectorial 1†. 2013). It was mentioned that Kylie Mathews isolated the twins from the rest of h er family and friends in early 2008. Kylie Mathews also stopped answering calls, messages and rarely left the house.There was limited opportunity for other adults to see the twins, however, there was no active repelling of people who wanted to see the twins. The atmosphere was tense as a second witness was called in. The witness took affirmation as per protocol (Queensland Government, n. a. ), before being cross-examined by the defending Barrister. This second witness I saw was Kylie Mathew’s consulting psychiatrist, before and after the twins passed away, from 2008 to 2009. From what I could gather throughout the time I was in the courtroom, Kylie Mathews’s state of mind was an important issue to be discussed.Applying the process of ISAAC to solving legal problems (M. Backstrom, â€Å"LWS009 Lectorial 2† 2013) in this context, a lot of attention was placed on the issue of Kylie Mathew’s psychological state and the operation of â€Å"magical thinkingâ₠¬  on many levels in the period of time leading up to the loss of the twins. It was mentioned that Kylie Mathews had had anger issues and had seen the psychiatrist often. The day we went to the Queen Elizabeth II Courts Of Law, there were a number of considerably conspicuous trials going on, many involving deaths.Even though many of us were happy that we had the chance to watch these trials, thinking back on it now, it was slightly disheartening to realize exactly how many of such cases happen that are complicated enough to have to bring to court. The murder of the twins happened in 2008, but it is only in 2013 that this case is fully addressed, plus the trial was only on day 11 of 15. It is only after watching part of a trial first-hand that I realize just how much time and effort is put into the resolution of such cases and how essential a stable, predictable court system is.

Action learning review - work design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Action learning review - work design - Essay Example Considering personal objectives, work design should allow employees to find a sense of fulfillment and potential in their job. There should be particular attention given to employee perceptions regarding autonomy and the challenges of such an environmentAs a socio-technical system, work design is critical in the consideration of the human factors in the workplace. The objective is to be able to create an environment were workers can achieve job satisfaction, efficiency, effectivity and be able to have access to channels for the resolution of problems. In a company that operates on flexible hours and remotely, it is important to create work designs that can be accessed 24/7. At the same time, communication and resolution of policies and issues alike must be done in real time and promptly. At the same time, there should be consideration for security, privacy and sensitivity of programs to circumvent ant limitations that may develop from the nature or structure of the organization. It w as only recently, around in the early part of the 20th century that the value of human resources was given its much and due importance in the organization. Research had shown that employee commitment and satisfaction are highly correlated and this coincides with their intrinsic motivation to work and stick with the organization through its up and downs. Employees are willing to go beyond their call of duty if they have a high job commitment (Bartol & Martin, 1998). There is evidence that work designs are up to par: job satisfaction is high, there is low staff turnover and many employees have been with the company for more than two years which suggests employee commitment. In small organizations such as the one I am working in, the individual efforts are even higher in magnitude. The objectives for the design are to be able to endure that every employee will be given the opportunity and the capability to contribute fully to the company. This will be done by ensuring that work scenarios meet both the corporate and personal objectives, contribute to improving services and enhance effectivity and efficiency of processes and resources (Managing People & Organisations [MOP], 2007, p. 5). Corporate and Personal Objectives The company is in an industry that is competitive and technology oriented. Both of these factors emphasize the need to be responsive and sensitive to developments and trends not only in our main medium, online communications, but also to social trends and demographics. Therefore, the company must be able to have employees who will provide these competencies to develop. Considering this corporate objectives, the work design should afford employees the ability to deliver these needs to company (Niebel & Freivalds, 2002). At the same time, the design should be able to help the company ensure that employees reflect these needs in their work through their innovativeness and ability to deliver collaterals that support client requirements. Considering personal objectives, work design should allow employees to find a sense of fulfillment and potential in their job. There should be particular attention given to employee perceptions regarding autonomy and the challenges of such an environment (Mischel, 1968). The degree of autonomy viewed in a small organization like this is more than compared to a traditional and highly hierarchical management. The problem with too much autonomy could lead to the team inability to work cohesively with other members of the organization (Niebel & Freivalds 2002). Products and Services The company should consider the opinion of Rothwell and Sullivan (2005) who assert the value of non-traditional set ups. This can be particularly to our organization where employees work remotely and independently. In turn, there is an expected variance in the product and service development. Consider schedules alone: in a traditional set-up, people work on relatively the same schedules. In the company, since work is relatively more independent, this may not be a given condition. Therefore, there is less communication regarding products and services particularly on the evaluation phases. Clients will consider status, security, comfort and quality to be the essential